Watch out for various skin abnormalities, watch out for skin cancer!

Watch out for various skin abnormalities, watch out for skin cancer!

The incidence of skin cancer is very low in our country, but it is one of the most common malignant tumors among white people. handheld dermatoscope The incidence of skin cancer is at least 650 per 100,000 people in southern Australia and 165 per 100,000 people in the United States, which is 100 times the incidence in our country, and the most common type of skin cancer is basal cell carcinoma, accounting for more than 60%. The early manifestations of various skin cancers are erythematous skin lesions, accompanied by scales shedding or crusting formation, and benign skin diseases such as eczema are confused and often need to rely on pathological examination to confirm the diagnosis. Whether it is surgery, radiotherapy or other treatment methods, it has a good effect on skin cancer, and the cure rate can reach more than 90%.

Diagnosis relies on biopsy, but requires that the diagnostic physician be experienced enough to recognize lesions that are suspected of malignancy. electronic dermatoscope The following conditions are highly suspected to be early malignant lesions: (1) The skin ulcer lasts for a long time or sometimes there is a small amount of bleeding; Hemorrhages, ulcers, or asymmetrical nodules in solar keratosis; (3) Skin or old scars that have been irradiated in the past, or sinus ulcers or nodules; (4) Persistent red skin scars, manifested as slight erosion, should be wary of primary.

Biopsy In small lesions, multiple excision tissue biopsy, diagnosis and treatment of two birds with one stone, with the same success, the lesion is slightly large, especially the need for excision, mainly including 2 to 3 mm outside the edge of the systemic lesion, normal skin problems can meet the technical requirements of treatment, the defect is too large, resulting in design defects, then do forceps or excision biopsy, remember to include all kinds of lesions near the edge.

Among skin cancers, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma should be distinguished from each other, as well as from senile plaques, carcinoma in situ, and discoid lupus erythematosus.

1. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma: Basal cell carcinoma mainly occurs in the face, especially in the nose, forehead, eyes, zygomatic area and upper lip. 365nm UV Lamp The lesion develops slowly, is often not congested locally, the surface is crusted but not keratinized, the edge is rolled up, waxy translucent, no inflammation or mild inflammation, and metastasis is rare. Squamous cell carcinoma can occur anywhere, especially at the junction of skin and mucosa, extremities, and lower lip. It often occurs in places with chronic skin diseases, where the damage develops rapidly, local congestion is obvious, or there are dilated capillaries around and on the surface, keratinization is obvious, the edge is hard, the inflammatory response is obvious, and lymph node metastasis is easy to occur.

2. Senile warts, also known as senile warts, are most common in men over 50. It usually occurs on the face, neck, chest, back, and back of the hands. The lesion is a round or oval flat warty rash, slightly yellowish-brown to coal-black above the skin, with a clear outline, soft, slightly rough surface, covered with an oily scab. The number of rashes is variable and often numerous. Senile spots may exist indefinitely without worsening, and in a very small number of patients, individual lesions may develop into basal cell carcinomas, and histopathology may assist in diagnosis.

3. Skin carcinoma in situ: The lesions are more common in the trunk and buttocks, and can be single or multiple. The typical case is a well-defined squamous maculopapulosis that may gradually expand or fuse with each other. The size of the damage varies from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. The surface is coated with scales or is difficult to peel off after desquamation, and the development is slow or there is no significant change for a long time. Sometimes the central portion may partially recede or become scarring, while new lesions appear nearby and generally do not become ulcers.

4. Discoid lupus erythematosus: It is more common in some middle-aged teachers and men and women. The lesions initially appear as small papules, gradually expand into plaques, and are dry in nature. Keratinocytes proliferate on the surface, hair follicle mouth dilatation contains keratinocyte spines, atrophic spots, no systematic ulcers are formed, and the edges are hyperemic. Histology and pathology can help to distinguish.

5. Keratoacanthoma is more common in middle-aged men. The disease is more common on the face, especially the cheeks and nose, and develops rapidly, but it does not continue to develop until it reaches about 2 cm in diameter, and then it is found that there is a scab on the skin, and within 2-6 months, it will atrophy on its own and naturally recover, leaving atrophic scars.

6. Paget's disease: It often affects the unilateral nipple and areola of women over 40 years old, and it is only a small squamous erythema on the nipple in the early stage. The boundary is clear and gradually fluctuates towards its adjacent skin. The surface is prone to erosion and changes like eczema after scratching. The damage progresses slowly, with no tendency to heal on its own. It is occasionally found in apocrine gland areas other than the breasts, such as the armpits, external genitalia, perianal, lips, and alar nose. Histopathological examination showed the epidermis.

Seven. Metastatic skin cancer: From other organs of primary skin cancer to the hair, generally multiple, while other organs have signs and symptoms of primary skin cancer.

What diet contraindications do skin cancer patients have?

1. Avoid smoking, drinking alcohol, strong tea, coffee and cocoa.

Avoid eating food that is too hot, too cold, expired or spoiled.

3. Avoid spicy and irritating foods.

4, avoid allergenic foods, such as shrimp, crab, snow cabbage, ginkgo, etc.