Introduction to Carbon Neutrality and Peak Carbon Neutrality and its Challenges

Carbon neutrality and peak carbon dioxide emissions are two concepts related to climate and environmental change.

Carbon neutrality refers to the total amount of carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas emissions produced directly or indirectly by a country, enterprise,Carbon offset product, activity or individual within a certain period of time, and offsetting its own carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas emissions by planting trees, saving energy and reducing emissions, so as to realize positive and negative offsets, and achieve relative "zero emissions".

Peak Carbon refers to the steady development and decline of the society after the carbon emission enterprises have entered into a plateau period. Peak Carbon and Carbon Neutral together, referred to as "Double Carbon".emissions free The economy is committed to stopping the growth of carbon dioxide emissions by 2030, reaching a maximum peak and then slowly reducing them.

The following key technologies are needed to achieve the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking:

Greenhouse gas emission reduction technology:sustainable shipping Including energy saving and emission reduction and alternative energy and other technical means, for example, through saving energy, improving energy use efficiency and promoting clean energy can achieve greenhouse gas emission reduction.

Carbon Capture: Prevent carbon dioxide from being released into the atmosphere by capturing and absorbing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, mainly by reducing fossil fuel emissions through combustion and oxygen, absorption, separation and chemical reactions.

Carbon storage technology: Safe storage or injection of captured greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide into underground, underwater or chemical substances to prevent their re-release into the atmosphere.

Carbon Utilization Technology: Converting greenhouse gases such as CO2 that can be absorbed every year into useful substances, such as the manufacture of fertilizers and biomass household fuels, mainly through analytical chemical reactions and biological science and technology.

Achieving carbon neutrality also requires policy and regulatory support, as well as significant investment and resources. In order to achieve carbon neutrality, governments, enterprises, research institutions and social organizations need to work together to promote research and application of carbon neutral technologies.

There are many challenges in the process of carbon neutrality and peak CO2 emissions, mainly in the following aspects.

Technological Challenges: Global carbon neutral technologies are not yet mature enough, and there are still many technologies that need to be developed. For example, there are still technical challenges and cost issues associated with carbon capture, storage and utilization technologies.

Resource Challenge: Devices that utilize landscape resources to generate electricity require key materials such as rare metals and rare earth elements, which are under-resourced and unevenly distributed globally. How to find alternative materials or increase the recycling of materials will be the key to meeting the challenge.

Synergistic challenge: The synergistic utilization of global scenery resources is a very important challenge. How to carry out effective utilization of various wind and solar resources in different countries and regions, realize complementary power generation, and improve the reliability and stability of enterprise power management system is a problem that society needs us to solve.

Governance Challenge: Supporting integrated decision-making on climate and environmental co-governance is a major challenge. In the coming decades, the amount of greenhouse gases and air pollutants emitted by human activities will change from increasing to decreasing. How to achieve this change requires a combination of factors, including policy, technology and economics.

Therefore, many challenges need to be overcome in order to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality and peak carbon dioxide emissions, and the joint efforts of Governments, enterprises, scientific research institutes and social organizations are needed to strengthen research and application of technological innovation, resource utilization and collaborative governance.